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Best PLEX, Jellyfin or Emby NAS of 2025

Par : Rob Andrews
26 décembre 2025 à 18:00

The Best PLEX, Emby and/or Jellyfin NAS Devices Released in 2025

Network media servers in 2025 range from tiny single drive boxes to fairly serious multi bay systems that can sit at the center of a home network. This article looks specifically at NAS hardware released in 2025 that can sensibly replace or supplement streaming services by running Plex, Jellyfin or Emby. The focus is on devices that arrive as complete appliances, with both hardware and a NAS style operating system included, so you can put a box on the network, install a media server app and start watching without building a PC or learning a full server stack.

To be included here, a NAS has to have gone on general sale in 2025, ship with its own OS rather than as a bareboard, and be able to run Plex Media Server, with Jellyfin and Emby support noted where it exists. In practical terms, that means hardware that can handle 4K and 1080p playback for multiple users and is realistically capable of at least 2 simultaneous 4K transcodes and 5 simultaneous 1080p transcodes, with a single exception where the overall package still makes sense for more limited workloads. RAID options, expansion, power use and noise are all taken into account, but the main filter is whether the device can function reliably as a modern media server on a typical home or small office network.

#1 Synology BeeStation Plus 8TB – $399 to $419

SPECS: Intel Celeron J4125 quad core 2.0 to 2.7 GHz – 4 GB DDR4 – 1 x 3.5″ 8 TB SATA bay (pre installed) – 1 x 1 GbE RJ45 / 1 x USB A 3.2 Gen 1 / 1 x USB C 3.2 Gen 1 – no M.2 SSD support.

BeeStation Plus is aimed at users who want a simple, appliance like Plex box rather than a configurable NAS. It runs Synology’s cut down BeeStation OS, has Plex Media Server support built in, and is set up entirely through a guided app and browser flow, so there is minimal configuration overhead. The hardware is sufficient for basic 4K and 1080p Plex use for a small number of clients, but the single non replaceable drive bay and lack of expansion, RAID options or M.2 slots mean it is best treated as a starter Plex unit for light libraries rather than a long term, scalable media server, and there is no official Jellyfin or Emby integration at this time.

What we said in our March ’25 Review HERE:

The Synology BeeStation marks a significant shift in Synology’s product line, targeting a new segment of users with its simplified yet functional design. This device stands out as an excellent middle ground between ease of use and a comprehensive private cloud system, providing secure and seamless access to stored data. While it is incredibly user-friendly and easy to set up, the lack of LAN access by default and its single-bay, 4TB-only configuration at launch might limit its appeal to more tech-savvy users or those seeking greater flexibility and expandability. The BeeStation’s unique selling point is its simplicity, making it a compelling choice for those new to NAS systems or for users who prioritize ease of use over extensive customization options. However, its simplicity also means that it lacks the extensive app support found in Synology’s DSM platform, potentially disappointing users accustomed to the richer application ecosystem offered by Synology’s more advanced models.

For users concerned about security, the BeeStation still upholds Synology’s reputation for secure data handling, with encrypted data transmission as a standard feature. However, experienced users who prefer a more hands-on approach to their NAS setup might find the BeeStation’s lack of advanced configuration options and its reliance on internet access for setup somewhat restrictive. In terms of market positioning, the BeeStation fills a gap left by other brands like WD and Seagate in offering ‘Easy NAS’ systems. Its competitive pricing, particularly considering the included 4TB of storage, makes it an attractive option for users seeking a private cloud solution without the recurring costs associated with third-party cloud services. Despite these potential drawbacks, the BeeStation is a solid entry-level NAS solution, especially for those seeking a personal cloud with minimal setup and maintenance. It may not be as feature-rich as Synology’s DSM-based NAS devices, but for its intended audience, the BeeStation provides a well-balanced combination of functionality, ease of use, and affordability. Synology’s move to cater to a broader, less technically inclined audience with the BeeStation demonstrates their understanding of market trends and user needs, offering a solution that balances simplicity with the reliability and quality Synology is known for.

In the end, the Synology BeeStation is an ideal choice for users seeking a straightforward, reliable, and cost-effective personal cloud solution. It represents Synology’s commitment to diversifying their product range, catering to the evolving needs of different user segments. While it may not suit everyone, especially those looking for advanced features and customization, it excels in its role as a user-friendly, secure, and affordable entry-level NAS device.

SOFTWARE - 7/10
HARDWARE - 8/10
PERFORMANCE - 7/10
PRICE - 10/10
VALUE - 10/10


8.4
PROS
👍🏻User-friendly setup, ideal for beginners or those seeking a simple cloud solution.
👍🏻Secure data handling with encrypted data transmission.
👍🏻Comes with 4TB of storage included, offering good value.
👍🏻Compact and lightweight design, enhancing portability.
👍🏻Quiet operation, suitable for home or office environments.
👍🏻Integrates seamlessly with popular cloud services like Google Drive and OneDrive.
👍🏻Affordable pricing at $199, a cost-effective alternative to third-party cloud services.
👍🏻Supports remote access, allowing data management from anywhere and across client devices/OS
👍🏻Synologys reputation for quality and reliability is still clear on this smaller scale.
👍🏻Several client tools (BeeFiles, BeePhotos and Desktop sync tool) for Windows, Mac, iOS and Android available for tailored access
👍🏻System configuration backup option to USB/C2 (Often absent in budget cloud solutions)
👍🏻AI Photo Recognition in BeePhotos for faces, Objects and geo data scraping + Advanced filter/search
CONS
👎🏻Lacks the extensive app support and customization found in Synology\'s DSM platform.
👎🏻Only available in a single-bay, 4TB configuration at launch, limiting expandability.
👎🏻Single 5400RPM HDD running everything leads to slowdown more than you think!
👎🏻LAN access is disabled by default, which may not suit all users.
👎🏻Designed for a specific user base, may not meet the needs of more advanced users.


#2 Minisforum N5 NAS – $599 to $749

SPECS: AMD Ryzen 7 255 8 core 16 thread up to 4.9 GHz – up to 96 GB DDR5 via 2 SODIMM slots – 5 x 3.5″/2.5″ SATA bays – 1 x 10 GbE RJ45 / 1 x 5 GbE RJ45 / 2 x USB4 – 3 x M.2 2280 NVMe or U.2 SSD slots (PCIe 4.0).

The Minisforum N5 is a compact 5-bay NAS that targets users who want preconfigured hardware with some workstation derived design features. It uses an x86 CPU in the same general class as the Aoostar WTR Max, paired with an internal storage module of 64 GB for the system volume, and is typically sold in the 599 to 699 USD range, with the separate Pro variant occupying a higher bracket. The chassis integrates a removable drive base section for easier maintenance, and the platform includes multi-gig networking up to 10 GbE and 5 GbE, a PCIe expansion slot and USB4 connectivity for additional bandwidth or external devices. Minisforum ships the N5 with its own NAS operating system to provide an immediate out of box experience, but the software is still relatively young and many buyers elect to overwrite the included module with a more established NAS or server OS. Throughout 2025, availability has been intermittent, reflecting a level of demand from home lab users who want higher specification NAS hardware without building entirely from individual components.

What we said in our July ’25 Review HERE:

The Minisforum N5 Pro is an impressive and highly versatile NAS platform that successfully combines the core strengths of a storage appliance with the capabilities of a compact, workstation-class server, making it suitable for demanding and varied use cases. Its defining features include a 12-core Ryzen AI 9 HX PRO 370 CPU with 24 threads and onboard AI acceleration up to 50 TOPS, support for up to 96GB of ECC-capable DDR5 memory for data integrity, and a hybrid storage architecture offering up to 144TB total capacity through a mix of five SATA bays and three NVMe/U.2 slots. Additional highlights such as ZFS file system support with snapshots, inline compression, and self-healing, along with high-speed networking via dual 10GbE and 5GbE ports, and expansion through PCIe Gen 4 ×16 and OCuLink interfaces, position it well beyond the capabilities of typical consumer NAS systems. The compact, fully metal chassis is easy to service and efficiently cooled, enabling continuous operation even under sustained virtual machine, AI, or media workloads.

At the same time, the bundled MinisCloud OS, while feature-rich with AI photo indexing, Docker support, and mobile integration, remains a work in progress, lacking some enterprise-grade polish, robust localization, and more advanced tools expected in mature NAS ecosystems. Minor drawbacks such as the external PSU, the thermally challenged pre-installed OS SSD, and the higher cost of the Pro variant relative to the standard N5 are important to weigh, particularly for users who may not fully utilize the Pro’s ECC and AI-specific advantages. For advanced users, homelab builders, and technical teams who require high compute density, flexible storage, and full control over their software stack, the N5 Pro delivers workstation-level performance and configurability in NAS form—offering one of the most forward-thinking and adaptable solutions available today in this segment.

The is now available to buy:

  • Minisforum N5 Pro (Check Amazon) – HERE
  • Minisforum N5 Pro (Check AliExpress) – HERE
  • Shop for NAS Hard Drives on Amazon – HERE
  • Shop for SSDs for your N5 Pro on Amazon – HERE

BUILD QUALITY - 10/10
HARDWARE - 9/10
PERFORMANCE - 9/10
PRICE - 7/10
VALUE - 8/10


8.6
PROS
👍🏻High-performance AMD Ryzen™ AI 9 HX PRO 370 CPU with 12 cores, 24 threads, and AI acceleration (50 TOPS NPU) is INCREDIBLE for a compact desktop purchase
👍🏻Support for up to 96GB DDR5 memory with ECC, ensuring data integrity and stability in critical environments
👍🏻ZFS-ready storage with numerous ZFS and TRADITIONAL RAID configurations, snapshots, and inline compression
👍🏻Hybrid storage support: five 3.5\\\"/2.5\\\" SATA bays plus three NVMe/U.2 SSD slots, with up to 144TB total capacity
👍🏻Versatile expansion options including PCIe Gen 4 ×16 slot (×4 electrical) and OCuLink port for GPUs or NVMe cages
👍🏻Dual high-speed networking: 10GbE and 5GbE RJ45 ports with link aggregation support + (using the inclusive MinisCloud OS) the use of the USB4 ports for direct PC/Mac connection!
👍🏻Fully metal, compact, and serviceable chassis with thoughtful cooling and accessible internal layout - makes maintenance, upgrades and troubleshooting a complete breeze!
👍🏻Compatibility with third-party OSes (TrueNAS, Unraid, Linux) without voiding warranty, offering flexibility for advanced users
CONS
👎🏻MinisCloud OS is functional but immature, with unfinished localisation and limited advanced enterprise features - lacks MFA, iSCSI, Security Scanner and More. Nails several key fundamentals, but still feels unfinished at this time.
👎🏻Despite External PSU design (will already annoy some users), it generates a lot of additional heat and may not appeal to all users overall
👎🏻Preinstalled 64GB OS SSD runs hot under sustained use and lacks dedicated cooling. Plus, losing one of the 3 m.2 slots to it will not please everyone (most brands manage to find a way to apply an eMMC into the board more directly, or use a USB bootloader option as a gateway for their OS
👎🏻Premium $1000+ pricing may be hard to justify for users who don’t need ECC memory or AI capabilities compared to the standard N5 at $500+


#3 TerraMaster F4 SSD NAS – $320 to $399

SPECS: Intel N95 quad core up to 3.4 GHz – 8 GB DDR5 (expandable to 32 GB) – 4 x M.2 2280 NVMe SSD bays – 1 x 5 GbE RJ45 / 2 x USB A 3.2 Gen 2 / 1 x USB C 3.2 Gen 2 / HDMI 2.0b – 4 x M.2 NVMe PCIe 3.0 slots (2 x2 / 2 x1).

The F4 SSD is an all flash NAS designed for users who want a compact, relatively low power Plex or Jellyfin server without mechanical drives. Its Intel N95 CPU and integrated graphics are sufficient for multiple 1080p and a modest number of 4K transcodes, and the 5 GbE interface allows the box to make use of higher network throughput than 1 GbE units. TerraMaster’s TOS 6 system offers a one click Plex package and container support for Jellyfin and Emby, but the interface and ecosystem are less refined than those from the largest NAS brands, and performance is ultimately limited by the entry level CPU and PCIe layout when many concurrent streams or heavier background tasks are involved.

What we said in our Aug ’25 Review HERE:

The TerraMaster F4 SSD presents itself as a well-considered entry into the compact, all-flash NAS segment, balancing low noise, energy efficiency, and competitive performance at a sub-$400 price point. With its fanless NVMe-based design, Intel N95 quad-core processor, and DDR5 memory, it meets the essential needs of home and small office users looking for a reliable and responsive storage solution. The inclusion of TerraMaster’s increasingly capable TOS 6 operating system, featuring AI-driven photo management, centralized backup, and Docker/VM support, makes it more than just a network storage device—it becomes a lightweight but versatile data center for the home. Its TRAID support allows for mixed SSD deployments with easy expansion, which is particularly attractive to users upgrading gradually or working within budget constraints. The thoughtful internal layout and cooling also ensure performance remains consistent even under sustained load, without sacrificing the near-silent operation.

However, the F4 SSD is not without caveats. The use of a single 5GbE port, without redundancy or aggregation, may deter users requiring network failover or higher throughput for simultaneous operations. Additionally, although the PCIe lane allocation strategy maximizes the N95’s limited bandwidth, the asymmetry between Gen3 x2 and x1 slots could bottleneck RAID performance depending on how volumes are configured. When compared to the larger F8 SSD or DIY options with dual 10GbE or ECC support, the F4 SSD may feel limiting to power users or business environments with stricter reliability requirements. That said, for the vast majority of home users, content creators, and prosumers looking for an all-in-one, high-speed NAS that blends well into living spaces, the F4 SSD delivers a solid and accessible solution. Its price-to-performance ratio, combined with the simplicity of deployment and maturing software ecosystem, makes it a compelling option in the growing market of SSD NAS devices.

Terramaster F4 SSD NAS

Amazon in Your Region for the Terramaster F4 SSD NAS @ $399

B&H for the Terramaster F4 SSD NAS @ $399.99

SOFTWARE - 7/10
HARDWARE - 8/10
PERFORMANCE - 7/10
PRICE - 9/10
VALUE - 9/10


8.0
PROS
👍🏻Compact, toolless chassis with easy-access thumb screw and SSD installation
👍🏻All-flash NVMe architecture with support for four M.2 2280 SSDs
👍🏻5GbE network port enables high-speed local and remote transfers
👍🏻TRAID and TRAID+ allow mixed-capacity SSDs and seamless storage expansion
👍🏻TOS 6 OS includes Plex, Jellyfin, Docker, VM support, and AI photo indexing
👍🏻Quiet operation (19 dB) and low power usage (32W under load)
👍🏻Priced competitively at $399 for a turnkey SSD NAS
CONS
👎🏻Single 5GbE port with no failover or link aggregation
👎🏻Two of the four SSD slots are limited to PCIe Gen3 x1, creating potential RAID bottlenecks
👎🏻Non-ECC DDR5 memory may not meet strict data integrity requirements


#4 ZimaBoard 2 Single Board Server – $239 to $349

SPECS: Intel N150 quad core up to 3.6 GHz – 8 or 16 GB LPDDR5x – 2 x SATA 3.0 6 Gb/s ports for 3.5″/2.5″ drives (external bays or enclosures required) – 2 x 2.5 GbE RJ45 / 2 x USB 3.1 Type A / 1 x Mini DisplayPort 1.4 – M.2 SSD support via PCIe 3.0 x4 add in card only.

ZimaBoard 2 functions as a small, fanless compute module that can be combined with any suitable SATA enclosure or loose drives to create a highly customised Plex or Jellyfin server. It ships with ZimaOS, which exposes a NAS style interface, app catalogue and container options, so the system is usable out of the box without manually installing a general purpose Linux distribution. Dual 2.5 GbE ports and Intel Quick Sync support give it enough capability for several 1080p and selected 4K transcodes, but the absence of internal bays or native M.2 slots means storage design is entirely external, and the device is better suited to users who do not mind assembling their own chassis or reusing existing cases and drive cages.

What we said in our April ’25 Review HERE:

The ZimaBoard 2 is a competent and thoughtfully assembled single-board server that builds meaningfully on IceWhale’s earlier efforts, especially the original ZimaBoard and the ZimaBlade. Its design clearly targets users who want more flexibility and performance than traditional ARM-based boards can offer, but who also value power efficiency, silence, and a small footprint. The use of an Intel N150 CPU, 8GB of LPDDR5x memory, dual 2.5GbE ports, and a PCIe 3.0 x4 slot makes it viable for a variety of home server roles—from basic NAS and smart home coordination to lightweight container hosting and local media streaming. Features like onboard SATA, USB 3.1, and a DisplayPort connection further add to its utility. However, there are hardware limitations that may affect long-term suitability for advanced deployments. The soldered RAM cannot be upgraded, and the internal eMMC storage, while useful for initial setup, is too slow for OS-level responsiveness in more demanding use cases. Passive cooling, while appreciated for silence, also imposes some thermal limitations depending on the deployment environment.

On the software side, ZimaOS offers a decent out-of-the-box experience that caters to users with minimal technical background. It handles core tasks like application deployment, file sharing, and system monitoring without requiring advanced configuration, and its Docker-based App Store simplifies access to popular tools. For more experienced users, the system supports third-party OS installation, which is likely how many will ultimately use the ZimaBoard 2. Still, as a bundled solution, ZimaOS has matured significantly and now presents itself as a lightweight, capable, and non-intrusive platform for those who prefer to get started immediately. In the broader context of DIY server hardware, ZimaBoard 2 occupies a middle ground: more powerful and modular than Raspberry Pi-class systems, yet more constrained than full x86 mini PCs or enthusiast-grade NAS hardware. For those who understand and accept these trade-offs, and are willing to plan around its limitations, the ZimaBoard 2 offers a reliable and flexible foundation for compact, energy-efficient computing at the edge.

Check Amazon in Your Region for the Zimaboard 2

Check AliExpress for the Zimaboard 2

BUILD QUALITY - 10/10
HARDWARE - 8/10
PERFORMANCE - 8/10
PRICE - 9/10
VALUE - 10/10


9.0
PROS
👍🏻x86 Architecture – Compatible with a wide range of operating systems including ZimaOS, Unraid, TrueNAS SCALE, and Proxmox.
👍🏻Dual 2.5GbE LAN Ports – Offers strong networking capabilities for multi-service workloads and gateway setups.
👍🏻PCIe 3.0 x4 Slot – Enables high-speed expansion for 10GbE NICs, NVMe storage, or combo cards.
👍🏻Fanless, Silent Operation – Completely passively cooled, ideal for home or quiet office environments.
👍🏻Compact and Durable Build – Small footprint with an all-metal chassis that doubles as a heatsink.
👍🏻ZimaOS Included – User-friendly OS with a Docker-based App Store and basic VM tools, ready out of the box.
👍🏻Flexible Storage Options – Dual SATA ports plus USB 3.1 support for connecting SSDs, HDDs, or external drives.
👍🏻Low Power Consumption – Efficient 6W CPU with ~10W idle and ~40W max under heavy load scenarios.
CONS
👎🏻Non-Upgradable RAM – 8GB of soldered LPDDR5x limits long-term scalability for memory-intensive tasks.
👎🏻Slow/Small Default Internal Storage – 32GB eMMC is convenient but underperforms for OS-level responsiveness or high I/O workloads.
👎🏻Thermal Headroom is Limited – Passive cooling alone may not be sufficient in closed environments or under sustained load without added airflow.
👎🏻Not Launching on Traditional Retail, but instead on Crowdfunding.


#5 UGREEN NASync DH4300 Plus – $365 to $390

SPECS: Rockchip RK3588 8 core ARM (4 x Cortex A76 + 4 x Cortex A55) up to around 2.4 GHz – 8 GB DDR5 – 4 x 3.5″/2.5″ SATA bays – 1 x 2.5 GbE RJ45 / HDMI 2.0b / 1 x front USB C 3.2 Gen 1 / 2 x USB A 3.2 Gen 1 – no internal M.2 SSD slots.

The NASync DH4300 Plus is a 4 bay ARM based NAS that targets users who want RAID 5 capable storage for Plex or Jellyfin along with general backup duties at a moderate price. UGREEN’s UGOS Pro operating system includes its own media apps, an app store and containerisation features, and community testing has confirmed that Plex can achieve multiple 1080p and several 4K streams, benefiting from the RK3588’s hardware video engines. There is only a single 2.5 GbE port and no M.2 cache or expansion options, so scaling is limited to the 4 SATA bays and external USB storage, but for users who prioritise RAID 5 resilience, low to mid range transcoding capacity and comparatively low power use, it fits the role of a budget multi user media and file server.

What we said in our August ’25 Review Here:

The UGREEN DH4300 Plus carves out a unique niche in the budget NAS landscape by delivering hardware typically reserved for higher-tier systems at a much lower price point. Its RK3588 processor, 8GB of RAM, and support for 2.5GbE networking place it well ahead of most similarly priced competitors in terms of raw specifications. Additionally, features such as HDMI output, 10Gbps USB ports, and local AI-powered photo indexing are rare to find in entry-level NAS systems. Despite its plastic-heavy internal design and lack of expansion options like PCIe or M.2, the device delivers stable performance for file sharing, media access, and low-intensity AI workloads. It is not suited for power users demanding virtual machines or advanced snapshot automation, but within its class, the DH4300 Plus presents an appealing balance between cost and capability.

That said, the software experience is still a work in progress. UGOS Pro covers the essentials and offers a visually accessible UI, but lacks the advanced features and ecosystem integration found in more mature platforms like Synology DSM or QNAP QTS. Docker and snapshot support add welcome flexibility, but the absence of native Jellyfin, iSCSI, and VM functionality limits its use in more complex environments. Still, for home users, media collectors, or small office setups looking for reliable backup, modest AI-enhanced photo sorting, and smooth 4K playback, the DH4300 Plus delivers value well beyond its price tag. While it won’t replace high-end NAS appliances, it serves as a capable, efficient, and quietly innovative option in a saturated entry-level NAS market.

mazon in Your Region for $349 the UGREEN DH4300 PLUS

Buy the UGREEN DH4300 on UGREEN.COM

STORE

B&H for the UGREEN DH4300 PLUS

SOFTWARE - 6/10
HARDWARE - 7/10
PERFORMANCE - 6/10
PRICE - 9/10
VALUE - 10/10


7.6
PROS
👍🏻Powerful ARM CPU: Equipped with the RK3588 SoC, offering 8 cores, integrated GPU, and NPU for AI workloads.
👍🏻Generous (but fixed!) Memory: 8GB LPDDR4X RAM, rare in budget NAS systems, supports multitasking and Docker use.
👍🏻2.5GbE Network Port: Provides faster-than-Gigabit throughput for backups, media streaming, and multi-user access.
👍🏻HDMI 2.1 Output: Rare on ARM powered turnkey NAS, and enables direct media playback or NAS control at up to 4K 60Hz, uncommon in value-tier NAS units.
👍🏻USB 10Gbps Ports: Dual USB-A 10Gbps and one USB-C 5Gbps allow for high-speed backups or external storage expansion.
👍🏻AI Photo Management: Built-in NPU supports facial recognition and scene detection for local, private media organization.
👍🏻Low Power Consumption: Efficient under load (~30W) and idle (~5W without drives), suitable for 24/7 operation.
CONS
👎🏻No PCIe or M.2 Expansion: Lacks future scalability for NVMe caching, 10GbE, or other upgrades.
👎🏻Single LAN Port: Only one 2.5GbE port, with no failover or link aggregation support.
👎🏻Limited Software Ecosystem: UGOS Pro lacks iSCSI, VM support, and native Jellyfin, trailing behind DSM/QTS in maturity.


 

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Les coulisses du CES : Rayonnement international et ce que le salon dit du futur (partie 3)

26 décembre 2025 à 17:40

Troisième et dernier épisode d'une série sur le CES, où Guillaume reçoit Thierry Weber, légende du podcast. Ils abordent l'importance de l'Eureka Park pour les startups et des pavillons par pays, mettant en lumière des exemples comme la France et la Corée du Sud. Thierry souligne l'impact des récompenses du CES pour les opportunités commerciales et l’adaptation face aux évolutions post-pandémiques. Avec des conseils concrets destinés aux startups, cet épisode, riche en insights, s'adresse aux professionnels et passionnés de tech.

🎁 Nouveau : offrez un abonnement Patreon pour Noël : techcafe.fr/cadeau
❤️ Patreon
📺 YouTube
💬 Discord

👉 L'épisode 1 avec Bruno Chanel
👉 L'épisode 2 avec Laurent Eymard
👉 L'épisode 3 avec Thierry Weber

Participants

Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

💾

Azure Developer CLI (azd) December release: Extension framework enhancements, interactive mode support, and deployment improvements

Par : IT Experts
26 décembre 2025 à 13:17
The Azure Developer CLI (azd) December 2025 release delivers substantial improvements centered on extension capabilities and developer workflow enhancements. The update introduces a powerful extension framework with custom configuration properties, support for interactive mode via Text User Interfaces, and distributed tracing for improved observability. User experience improvements include an interactive environment selector, faster provisioning progress updates with polling reduced from 10 seconds to 3 seconds, and clearer error messages for configuration issues. The release also adds flexible configuration options, such as support for azure.yml as an alternative filename and integrated access to the template gallery within initialization commands. Additionally, the update includes comprehensive bug fixes for Container Apps, Azure Pipelines, and deployment workflows, along with Microsoft Foundry rebranding throughout the platform.

Source

Performance du Ryzen 9 9950X3D2, Geekbench et PassMark dévoilent les premiers chiffres

26 décembre 2025 à 15:36

Logo AMDLe Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 d'AMD débarque dans la base de données de benchmarks. Nous avons une premier aperçu de son potentiel.

Cet article Performance du Ryzen 9 9950X3D2, Geekbench et PassMark dévoilent les premiers chiffres a été publié en premier par GinjFo.

Comment récupérer les infos cachées dans un PDF censuré ?

Par : Korben
26 décembre 2025 à 18:07

Bon, vous avez tous vu passer cette histoire des documents Epstein mal censurés, j'imagine ?

En effet, des journalistes ont réussi à récupérer une bonne partie des informations censées être masquées dans les fichiers judiciaires... ça peut impressionner mais n'allez pas croire que ce soit quelque chose de compliqué et ces techniques sont à la portée de n'importe qui.

C'est pourquoi aujourd'hui, j'vais pas vous parler du scandale (y'a assez de monde dessus), mais des techniques pour récupérer ce qui se cache derrière ces fameux rectangles noirs. Du pur OSINT appliqué au forensique documentaire.

Commençons par le plus basique et pourtant le plus courant : le bon vieux copier-coller. Ouais, je sais, ça paraît con dit comme ça, mais vous seriez surpris du nombre de documents "confidentiels" qui sont censurés en posant simplement un rectangle noir par-dessus le texte dans Word ou Adobe Acrobat. Le texte original pourtant est encore là, bien au chaud sous cette couche graphique. Il suffit donc de sélectionner la zone, un petit Ctrl+C, et hop, on colle dans un éditeur de texte. Boom, le texte "caché" apparaît en clair.

C'est d'ailleurs exactement ce qui s'est passé avec des documents du Pentagone en 2005, et plus récemment avec des fichiers judiciaires américains. Bizarrement, les gens confondent "masquer visuellement" et "supprimer", alors que c'est pas du tout la même chose ^^.

Pour vérifier si un PDF est vulnérable à cette technique, vous pouvez utiliser pdftotext (inclus dans poppler-utils sur Linux) :

pdftotext document_censure.pdf - | less

Si le texte sous les rectangles noirs apparaît, bingo. Vous pouvez aussi utiliser PyMuPDF en Python pour extraire le texte brut :

import fitz
doc = fitz.open("document.pdf")
for page in doc:
 print(page.get_text())

Maintenant, passons aux documents scannés. Là c'est plus subtil parce que techniquement, y'a pas de "texte" à copier, juste une image. Sauf que les scanners et les logiciels de numérisation ajoutent souvent une couche OCR invisible par-dessus l'image. Cette couche contient le texte reconnu automatiquement, et elle peut inclure ce qui a été censuré AVANT le scan si le masquage était mal fait.

Mais même sans couche OCR, y'a des trucs à tenter. Si la censure a été faite avec un marqueur physique (genre un Sharpie sur le document papier avant scan), il est parfois possible de jouer avec l'exposition et le contraste de l'image pour faire ressortir le texte en dessous. Les marqueurs noirs ne sont pas toujours 100% opaques, surtout sur du papier fin.

Avec GIMP ou Photoshop, vous pouvez don extraire les pages du PDF en images (pdftoppm ou convert) puis jouer avec les niveaux, courbes et exposition, inverser les couleurs ou encore appliquer des filtres de détection de contours

Ça marche pas à tous les coups, mais quand ça marche, c'est magique ^^.

Maintenant, la technique qui a fait des ravages c'est l'exploitation des sauvegardes incrémentales. Car vous ne le savez peut-être pas mais les fichiers PDF disposent d'un système de sauvegarde qui ajoute les modifications à la fin du fichier plutôt que de réécrire le document entier. Chaque "version" est ainsi séparée par un marqueur %%EOF (End Of File).

Concrètement, si quelqu'un ouvre un PDF, ajoute des rectangles noirs de masquage, puis sauvegarde, l'ancienne version du document est souvent toujours là, juste avant le dernier %%EOF. C'est comme un système de versioning intégré, sauf que personne n'y pense jamais.

Pour exploiter ça, il faut extraire la version originale (avant la dernière modification) comme ceci :

head -c [offset_avant_dernier_EOF] document.pdf > version_originale.pdf

L'outil QPDF permet aussi d'analyser la structure interne :

qpdf --show-xref document.pdf
qpdf --json document.pdf | jq '.objects'

Et les métadonnées ?? Je vous en ai pas parlé encore mais un PDF c'est pas juste du contenu visible. C'est aussi une mine d'or d'informations cachées. Le nom de l'auteur, la date de création, le logiciel utilisé, l'historique des modifications, parfois même des commentaires ou des annotations invisibles.

Et pour cela, ExifTool est votre meilleur ami :

exiftool -a -u -g1 document.pdf

Vous pouvez aussi utiliser pdfinfo :

pdfinfo -meta document.pdf

Dans les documents judiciaires qui ont récemment fuité, les métadonnées ont révélé les noms des personnes qui avaient édité les fichiers, les dates exactes des modifications, et parfois des chemins de fichiers sur les serveurs internes... Oups.

Maintenant, la technique la plus vicieuse ça reste quand même l'analyse des positions de glyphes. En effet, des chercheurs ont publié un papier intitulé " Story Beyond the Eye " qui démontre qu'on peut parfois deviner le contenu masqué en analysant la largeur des zones masquées.

Le principe c'est que dans un PDF, chaque caractère a une largeur précise définie par sa police de caractère. Si vous savez quelle police est utilisée (et c'est souvent le cas, puisque les tribunaux américains adorent Times New Roman par exemple), vous pouvez calculer combien de caractères tiennent dans la zone noire. Et si vous avez du contexte (comme le début ou la fin d'une phrase), vous pouvez parfois deviner le mot exact.

Avec des polices à chasse fixe comme Courier, c'est encore plus facile puisque chaque caractère fait exactement la même largeur. Comptez alors les pixels, divisez par la largeur d'un caractère, vous avez le nombre de lettres.

Un outil qui facilite tout ça c'est X-Ray , développé par le Free Law Project qui est capable d'analyser les PDF et de détectre automatiquement les censures défectueuses.

Autre outil sympa que je vous conseille, c'est unredactor , qui tente de reconstruire automatiquement le texte sous les blocs de masquage en utilisant diverses heuristiques.

Ça c'est pour les PDF, mais pour les images PNG ou les captures d'écran censurées, y'a aussi des trucs à faire. Leurs métadonnées EXIF peuvent contenir des informations sur l'appareil, la géolocalisation, la date, mais surtout, si l'image a été éditée avec certains logiciels, des données résiduelles peuvent trainer.

La technique du "thumbnail" est par exemple particulièrement fourbe puisque certains logiciels génèrent une miniature de l'image AVANT les modifications et l'embarquent dans les métadonnées. Donc vous ouvrez la miniature, et vous voyez l'image originale non censurée. C'est arrivé plusieurs fois dans des affaires judiciaires. Voici comment l'extraire avec Exiftool :

exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage image_redactee.jpg > thumbnail.jpg

Pour les professionnels du forensique, y'a aussi la technique de l'analyse des données compressées. Comme les algorithmes JPEG et PNG ne sont pas parfaits, les zones éditées ont parfois des artefacts de compression différents du reste de l'image. Cela peut révéler où des modifications ont été faites.

Bon et maintenant que vous savez comment récupérer des infos censurées, parlons maintenant de comment BIEN censurer un document, histoire de pas vous planter.

En fait, la seule méthode vraiment sûre c'est de supprimer définitivement le contenu. Je répète : Ne masquez pas le contenu, supprimez le !

Adobe Acrobat Pro a par exemple une fonction "Redact" qui fait ça correctement car cette fonction supprime réellement le texte et les métadonnées associées.

Alternativement, vous pouvez aussi exporter le document en PDF (ça aplatit toutes les couches), utiliser des outils comme pdf-redact-tools qui suppriment vraiment le contenu, et le convertir en image puis le reconvertir en PDF (bourrin mais efficace)

Et SURTOUT, vérifiez toujours le résultat avec les techniques mentionnées plus haut avant de diffuser quoi que ce soit.

Voilà, vous avez maintenant un petit arsenal de techniques OSINT pour analyser des documents "confidentiels". Bien sûr, comme d'hab, utilisez ces connaissances de manière responsable et éthique car une fois encore, le but c'est de comprendre les failles pour mieux se protéger, et pas de violer la vie privée des gens.

Voilà... Et la prochaine fois que vous verrez un document officiel avec des gros rectangles noirs, vous saurez que c'est peut-être pas aussi opaque que ça en a l'air. Niark niark...

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