Nous sommes en 2026 et les choses ont pas mal évolué ces derniers mois. À une certaine époque, les systèmes DIY pour NAS se comptaient sur les doigts d’une main : ce n’est plus le cas. Aujourd’hui, on trouve des solutions très abouties, avec un niveau de qualité proche du monde professionnel, comme TrueNAS Scale ou Unraid, des options intermédiaires comme OpenMediaVault (OMV), et d’autres plus accessibles et plus souples, comme CasaOS, ZimaOS ou UmbrelOS. Nous aborderons également le cas de Proxmox…

Qu’est-ce que le DIY pour les NAS ?

Le concept de NAS DIY (Do It Yourself) repose sur une idée simple : s’affranchir du verrouillage matériel des constructeurs (Synology, QNAP, Asustor…). Au lieu d’acheter un boîtier propriétaire, vous sélectionnez vos propres composants (boîtier, processeur, RAM, contrôleurs…) ou vous recyclez un ancien PC.

Cette approche offre 2 avantages majeurs :

• Rapport performance/prix : pour le prix d’un NAS 4 baies du commerce équipé d’un processeur souvent limité, vous pouvez assembler une machine capable de gérer du transcodage 4K, des dizaines de conteneurs Docker, des machines virtuelles… 
• Évolutivité : vous n’êtes plus limité par le nombre de ports, la mémoire soudée ou les choix matériels du constructeur. Votre NAS évolue avec vos besoins.

À cela s’ajoute un point souvent sous-estimé : la possibilité de donner une seconde vie à un NAS qui ne reçoit plus de mises à jour…

Qu’est-ce qu’un système DIY pour les NAS ?

On me pose souvent la question : pourquoi parler de « système » et pas simplement de « système d’exploitation (OS) » pour NAS ?

Parce qu’en 2026, un NAS moderne n’est plus seulement un serveur de partage de fichiers (SMB/NFS). C’est une plateforme qui combine trois couches complémentaires :

• OS : généralement Linux, il gère le matériel et le système de fichiers (ZFS, Btrfs, XFS…) ;
• Interface web : outil d’administration au quotidien, qui permet de gérer stockage, utilisateurs, services, mises à jour et supervision (sans passer par des lignes de commande) ;
• Applications : écosystème de services que vous hébergez qui était la force des fabricants historiques… mais maintenant Docker est devenu central.

Les poids lourds : Performance et stockage massif

Ces solutions visent d’abord la fiabilité et une gestion sérieuse du stockage.

TrueNAS Scale : l’incontournable

Avec ses évolutions récentes, TrueNAS Scale s’est imposé comme une référence du NAS DIY. Son point fort, c’est la protection des données grâce à ZFS (snapshots, auto-réparation, intégrité), avec une approche très “pro”.

En contrepartie, ZFS reste relativement rigide : étendre un pool en ajoutant “juste un disque” n’est pas aussi souple que sur d’autres solutions. Pour exploiter ZFS dans de bonnes conditions, il est recommandé d’avoir beaucoup de mémoire vive/RAM (ECC de préférence).

Si votre priorité est la pérennité et la sécurité des données, TrueNAS Scale est un excellent choix.

Unraid : la flexibilité avant tout

Toujours très populaire chez les particuliers, Unraid brille par sa capacité à gérer des disques hétérogènes (marques et tailles différentes) avec une grande simplicité. Son système de parité permet d’ajouter un disque facilement, au fil de l’eau. Son interface est aussi l’une des plus accessibles et sa gestion de la virtualisation (VM avec passthrough GPU) est une référence pour les configurations hybrides.

Le point à intégrer dans l’équation : son modèle économique a évolué. Les mises à jour sont désormais liées à un abonnement, sauf licence à vie plus onéreuse. Cela le place face à une concurrence gratuite de plus en plus solide.

Unraid reste un excellent choix pour le multimédia, l’hébergement d’applications et le recyclage de disques, à condition d’accepter le coût de la licence.

L’intermédiaire

OpenMediaVault est construit autour d’une base Debian, avec une philosophie simple : rester léger, stable et relativement proche de Linux.

OMV tourne sur à peu près tout, y compris sur du matériel ancien. Il laisse plus de latitude pour personnaliser l’OS sous-jacent que certaines solutions plus “encadrées”. En revanche, l’interface est plus austère et demande souvent un peu plus de connaissances pour obtenir une configuration parfaitement propre (permissions, services, supervision, sauvegardes).

C’est une solution cohérente pour les utilisateurs à l’aise avec Linux qui veulent un NAS sans fioritures, sur du matériel modeste.

La nouvelle vague : simplicité et one-click

Ici, l’objectif est clair : privilégier l’accessibilité, l’expérience utilisateur et une installation rapide.

CasaOS, ZimaOS et UmbrelOS

Ces systèmes (ou surcouches, selon les cas) cherchent à transformer un serveur en « cloud personnel » facile à prendre en main. Les interfaces sont modernes, visuelles et l’installation d’applications ressemble à un App Store… On déploie des services en quelques clics, ce qui les rend attractifs pour démarrer vite.

La limite est structurelle : ce ne sont pas, à la base, des OS orientés « stockage avancé ». La gestion RAID, la stratégie de protection des données et les scénarios de migration/extension sont sommaires (rien à voir comparé à TrueNAS et Unraid).

Ils sont donc très adaptés à un premier serveur multimédia/domotique, mais moins pertinent si vous cherchez une plateforme de stockage « sérieuse » pour des données réellement critiques.

HexOS

HexOS est très attendu (toujours en Bêta), car l’ambition est séduisante : proposer la puissance d’une base type TrueNAS avec une interface beaucoup plus simple. C’est une piste intéressante pour ceux qui veulent une expérience plus « grand public » sans renoncer à une base technique solide.

Point important : c’est un produit payant. Son intérêt dépendra de son niveau de maturité et de la qualité de l’intégration au quotidien.

L’alternative : virtualisation avec Proxmox

Techniquement, Proxmox VE n’est pas un OS de NAS : c’est un hyperviseur. Mais en 2026, c’est la base de nombreuses installations homelab.

Le principe est simple : vous installez Proxmox sur le matériel (bare metal), puis vous déployez votre NAS (TrueNAS, OMV…) dans une machine virtuelle et vos autres services dans d’autres VM ou conteneurs.

L’intérêt ici, c’est que vous séparez les rôles. Vous facilitez les sauvegardes complètes (snapshots, export) et vous rendez l’infrastructure plus résiliente. Si un service tombe, le reste continue de tourner et vous pouvez restaurer proprement.

Cependant, c’est une approche plutôt réservée aux utilisateurs avancés. Elle demande une bonne maîtrise des notions de stockage (pass-through, contrôleurs, performances, sécurité des données).

Que choisir en 2026 ?

Le choix ne dépend plus uniquement des fonctionnalités (Docker est devenu un standard), mais de votre priorité? Vous voulez :

• Protéger vos données avant tout : TrueNAS Scale
• Recycler des disques variés et évoluer facilement : Unraid
• Une solution simple, légère, proche de Linux : OMV
• Une belle interface et démarrage rapide : CasaOS ou ZimaOS
• Un homelab complet et une infra modulaire : Proxmox

Certains diront que le NAS DIY est à son apogée. De mon côté, je le vois plutôt comme une étape : les outils se simplifient, les standards se consolident et le niveau de finition continue de monter. Reste à choisir l’approche qui correspond à vos contraintes… et à votre tolérance à la complexité.

fnOS Beta Review – Should You Keep an eye on Feiniu NAS OS?

Feiniu Private Cloud, better known by its system name fnOS, is a closed-source Chinese NAS operating system currently in public beta. Developed by a small team of self-described NAS enthusiasts, fnOS is marketed as a “genuinely free” NAS solution for domestic users in China and is designed to run on standard x86 PC and NAS hardware. It offers media management tools, AI-powered photo categorization, Docker container support, RAID configurations, and an app ecosystem — all within a graphical user interface that resembles several other recent Chinese NAS solutions. The system is rooted in a Debian-based Linux distribution and aims to provide plug-and-play functionality for users seeking an alternative to more established platforms like DSM, QTS, or TrueNAS.

However, fnOS arrives with notable caveats. As a closed-source system with minimal public documentation, there is currently no way to verify its internal processes, telemetry behaviour, or long-term data integrity protections. Moreover, its security architecture lacks advanced features like two-factor authentication, iSCSi, ZFS or hardened remote access protocols that have fast become an industry standard of many other NAS software options in the market.

Language support outside of Simplified Chinese is also not fully implemented, creating potential navigation barriers for international users. While the interface and features may seem appealing on the surface, fnOS is still in a formative stage — and with it come the usual risks of data loss, unpatched vulnerabilities, and limited user support. As this review will show, fnOS represents a curious blend of innovation, imitation, and potential. But its closed nature, beta status, and regionally restricted development raise several questions about its readiness for use beyond a testing environment.

Disclaimer for Users Considering fnOS Right Now

Anyone considering the use of Feiniu Private Cloud (fnOS) should do so with full awareness of the risks inherent in testing an early-stage, closed-source operating system. Although the software is being actively developed and presents a relatively complete GUI with numerous features, it remains in public beta. The system has not yet undergone broad public scrutiny, independent code audits, or transparent vulnerability testing, making its real-world reliability uncertain. The developers themselves have issued formal cautions, explicitly stating that the beta version may cause system crashes, compatibility problems, or data loss. Users should avoid deploying fnOS on primary NAS systems, in business environments, or on any hardware storing valuable or irreplaceable data. Thorough offline backups should be made prior to installation, and any testing should be performed in a non-critical sandbox environment. The system’s UI is currently presented almost entirely in Simplified Chinese, with no comprehensive English language support available at this stage. Translation tools such as Google Lens or Microsoft Edge’s built-in translation functions may offer partial usability, but navigation and configuration still present challenges for non-Chinese speakers.

Security considerations are especially important. fnOS lacks industry-standard safeguards such as two-factor authentication, secure portal client tools, and deeper role-based access controls. There is also no detailed public disclosure about how the system handles network traffic, cloud synchronization, or metadata collection, which is a point of concern given its integration with AI services and remote access features. At present, it is unclear whether any telemetry or user analytics are sent back to the developers, and the absence of source code prevents community verification. In summary, fnOS should be treated as experimental software. While it may offer a glimpse into emerging trends in the Chinese NAS market and present intriguing ideas around media organization and local AI integration, users must approach it with caution and a strong understanding of the security and stability limitations that accompany early-stage, proprietary platforms.

Design and UI

The user interface of fnOS is visually structured and attempts to emulate the layout seen in many modern NAS operating systems, with clear menu segmentation and app-like modularity. Upon installation, users are presented with a desktop-style environment that includes access to system configuration, storage management, multimedia tools, and containerized applications.

Navigation is conducted through a web browser, and the interface features icon-driven panels that mirror the design language of platforms like DSM (Synology) or QTS (QNAP), albeit with some localization quirks. Despite its early-stage development, the UI demonstrates a coherent structure that is functional, if not yet polished.

However, the current implementation suffers from language accessibility issues. The interface is only available in Simplified Chinese, and efforts to translate the interface using automated tools like Google Translate are mostly ineffective, as it relies on dynamic rendering elements that these tools cannot parse. Microsoft Edge’s translation feature performs better but still results in fragmented grammar and partially translated system prompts. This creates a substantial usability barrier for non-Chinese speakers, particularly when trying to configure advanced settings such as RAID arrays, user permissions, or application environments.

In terms of responsiveness and performance, the UI behaves relatively smoothly even on modest hardware. Common actions such as creating storage volumes, configuring shares, or launching apps execute without visible lag. While some buttons and system prompts may feel incomplete or imprecise due to beta status, core layout principles like logical menu placement and centralized settings are well applied. The overall experience suggests that while fnOS is clearly designed with user convenience in mind, it is not yet refined enough for a wide international audience.

Services and Features

fnOS provides a wide array of features targeting home media consumption, local data storage, and remote accessibility. One of its most promoted capabilities is its media handling, with built-in applications for organizing video, music, and photos. The system includes automatic metadata scraping for movies and TV shows, AI-driven facial and object recognition for photo libraries, and a basic music playback utility.

These media apps mimic the functionality of solutions like Plex or Jellyfin, offering poster walls, subtitle downloads, and transcoding options. However, it should be noted that many of the multimedia tools are proprietary adaptations or containers wrapping existing open-source tools rather than purpose-built innovations.

The system also integrates AI-driven services at the local level. The photo application includes features like character-based photo aggregation and image search via text input. Users can select from multiple AI models depending on resource availability and desired recognition accuracy, though it’s not entirely clear whether these models run exclusively offline or leverage external processing. While the integration appears functional, it is not yet well-documented, and the practical use cases are still limited by the interface’s language barriers and overall beta stability.

fnOS includes standard NAS features such as RAID configuration (supporting levels like RAID 0, 1, and 5), SSD caching, and storage expansion. It uses BTRFS or EXT4 as file system options, with support for snapshot creation on BTRFS volumes. Network protocols such as SMB3, NFS, FTP, and WebDAV are available, with multi-channel SMB enabled by default.

There is also a built-in file manager allowing basic copy, move, download, and sharing functions, including time-limited and password-protected links. While ZFS is not supported, the storage tools provided are sufficient for basic to intermediate users familiar with RAID and shared folder management.

The included App Center is container-based and supports various community and utility applications. Notable entries include Qbittorrent, Jellyfin, Transmission, Alist, Portainer, and Chromium, alongside more region-specific tools like 115 Network Disk and Baidu Cloud integration.

The application store largely reflects popular Dockerized solutions and offers minimal documentation on integration specifics. fnOS also includes a rudimentary virtual machine manager, which allows for Windows VM creation via ISO files, though functionality is basic.

Backup tools support both local folder sync and remote NAS replication, but third-party cloud sync is limited in scope and likely tied to domestic Chinese services.

 

Pros and Cons of fnOS?

One of the most notable strengths of fnOS is its broad feature coverage for a beta-stage NAS operating system. Despite being early in its development, it includes many of the core functions expected from a modern NAS platform: multi-tiered RAID support, snapshot capabilities (via BTRFS), Docker-based application hosting, multimedia indexing, and even virtual machine support.

For home users interested in media storage, the built-in tools for automatic metadata scraping and subtitle acquisition, combined with basic transcoding support, make it a practical solution for centralized media access — particularly when paired with a TV interface or mobile app.

The inclusion of AI-powered image recognition and customizable AI models in the photo management application is another area where fnOS differentiates itself. Users can configure local facial and object recognition models to assist in organizing large photo libraries, and even perform text-based image searches. While this isn’t entirely unique in the NAS market, the ability to select from different AI models and the implementation of geolocation tagging and facial clustering demonstrates that the development team is thinking beyond basic storage functionality. It suggests potential for future expansion into smart content management if development continues at pace.

However, fnOS also presents several clear drawbacks. Security remains underdeveloped, with no support for two-factor authentication, no publicly available information on encryption practices, and limited visibility into how data is handled or transmitted over the network.

While SSL certificates and basic firewall tools are present, the absence of fine-grained user permission structures or auditing functionality makes it unsuitable for multi-user environments or deployments where data privacy is a primary concern. Additionally, remote access services built into fnOS are proprietary and undocumented, which raises further questions for users concerned about trust and control over their network.

Another key limitation is the lack of proper language support and international readiness. At the time of writing, the UI is only available in Simplified Chinese, and the developers have not confirmed a timeline for multilingual support, also highlighting that this will be phased into a paid/commercial use version. This, combined with limited documentation and forum discussion outside of Chinese-speaking communities, makes troubleshooting and adoption by non-Chinese users significantly more difficult. Moreover, as a closed-source system, fnOS cannot benefit from the auditing, forking, and community patching practices that open-source NAS platforms rely on to maintain user trust and long-term sustainability.

Conclusion and Verdict of fnOS NAS Software

fnOS represents an ambitious attempt to build a full-featured, home-friendly NAS operating system from the ground up, targeting a domestic Chinese audience first and foremost. Its functionality is surprisingly broad for a beta, covering storage management, AI-powered media organization, Docker app deployment, and local VM hosting. However, its closed-source nature, limited language support, and undeveloped security framework make it unsuitable for deployment outside controlled test environments. For users within China who are technically confident, aware of the risks, and seeking a free, self-managed solution, fnOS may have appeal. For international users, particularly those prioritizing transparency, privacy, or robust security, fnOS remains a curiosity—not yet a contender.

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Summary: fnOS Beta – Pros and Cons

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