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D’ici 2026, Microsoft Azure pourrait dépasser Amazon AWS et devenir le leader du Cloud Public !

Par : Luc BRETON
16 février 2024 à 08:34

Depuis plus d’une décennie, Amazon AWS s’est imposé comme le leader mondial incontesté des plateformes de cloud public, devant Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) et Alibaba Cloud. En 2023, AWS a fait l’objet d’une légère baisse des parts du marché en faveur d’Azure et des experts estiment que Microsoft pourrait devenir le plus grand fournisseur de services cloud à partir de 2026.

La course à l'intelligence artificielle

Mais qu’est-ce qui explique ce revirement ? Tout porte à croire que l’engouement du grand public pour l’intelligence artificielle suscité par ChatGPT en 2023 a été très favorable pour Microsoft qui travaille en partenariat avec OpenAI depuis 2019. En effet, dans la foulée du succès de ChatGPT, Microsoft a investi massivement en l'IA et lancé plusieurs nouveaux produits qui s’appuient sur l’intelligence artificielle générative.

L'année 2023 fut l'occasion pour Microsoft de relancer le moteur de recherche Bing en y intégrant l'assistant Copilot Bing Chat, un chatbot conçu à partir d'un modèle construit sur ChatGPT. L'offre de Copilot a également été bonifiée et son ajout à Microsoft 365 sous forme d'abonnement a reçu un accueil favorable et promet d'être très lucrative.

Parallèlement, Satya Nadella notait une nette augmentation des utilisateurs de la plateforme Azure AI, un service qui comprend une suite de solutions telles qu'Azure Machine Learning, Azure Cognitive Services et Azure Applied AI Services. À cet effet, Microsoft a ajouté de nombreux GPUs à ses centres de données pour que les clients puissent mettre en place leurs propres modèles d'IA dans Azure.

Pour sa part, Amazon a annoncé en septembre dernier un partenariat assorti d'un investissement de 4 milliards de dollars avec la startup d'intelligence artificielle Anthropic qui développe « Claude », un chatbot similaire à ChatGPT. Il n'en demeure pas moins que ce partenariat n'a pas été aussi retentissant que celui de Microsoft avec OpenAI et, durant la dernière année, le grand public a massivement adopté ChatGPT qui est devenu une référence.

Microsoft accélère la mise en place de Copilot

En janvier 2024, Microsoft a annoncé que tous les claviers Windows seraient désormais munis d’une touche dédiée à Copilot, ce qui va inciter fortement les utilisateurs à privilégier les technologies OpenAI/Microsoft au détriment des solutions concurrentes. De plus, Microsoft a déjà ajouté Copilot aux derniers correctifs Windows et de nombreux systèmes disposent maintenant du logiciel en version préliminaire.

La course à l'IA est devenue le nerf de la guerre des grands fournisseurs de services de cloud public. Il sera intéressant de voir si les experts ont vu juste en prévoyant qu'Azure pourrait dépasser AWS en 2026 en termes de revenus et de part de marché du cloud computing. D'ici là, plusieurs innovations sont à prévoir dans le domaine de l'IA, et le monde de l'informatique connaîtra de nombreuses transformations qui vont créer de belles opportunités.

Sources :

The post D’ici 2026, Microsoft Azure pourrait dépasser Amazon AWS et devenir le leader du Cloud Public ! first appeared on IT-Connect.

Une campagne de phishing cible les comptes Azure des cadres et des dirigeants d’entreprises

13 février 2024 à 06:30

Fin novembre 2023, une campagne de phishing à l'origine de la compromission de centaines de comptes Microsoft Azure, a été détectée. La cible privilégiée de cette campagne malveillante : les cadres et les dirigeants d'entreprises. Faisons le point sur cette menace.

Cette nouvelle campagne malveillante a été repérée par les chercheurs en sécurité de chez Proofpoint à la fin du mois de novembre 2023, et elle est toujours active à ce jour. Dans le rapport mis en ligne par Proofpoint, nous pouvons lire : "Au cours des dernières semaines, les chercheurs de Proofpoint ont surveillé une campagne de prise de contrôle de comptes cloud en cours qui a impacté des dizaines d'environnements Microsoft Azure et compromis des centaines de comptes d'utilisateurs, y compris des cadres supérieurs."

Pour les cybercriminels, les cadres et les dirigeants d'entreprises sont une cible privilégiée. D'une part, car ils sont susceptibles d'avoir accès à des informations sensibles, et d'autre part car ils ont suffisamment de pouvoir pour autoriser des transactions financières : idéal pour détourner de l'argent. Le fait de compromettre ce type de compte ouvre des portes, que ce soit auprès des salariés de l'entreprise ou de partenaires. Proofpoint indique qu'il y a des directeurs de ventes, des responsables de comptes, des directeurs financiers et des présidents (CEO) parmi les victimes de cette campagne.

Dans le cas de cette campagne de phishing, la méthode est assez classique : une pièce jointe qui, lorsqu'on l'ouvre, contient un bouton "Voir le document", qui renvoie l'utilisateur vers une page web malveillante s'il clique sur le lien. Proofpoint a pu faire un lien entre les cybercriminels et les actions effectuées sur les comptes compromis, en identifiant le user-agent suivant :

Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

En effet, cette chaine de user-agent a été associée à diverses activités malveillantes lors de la phase de post-compromission, notamment pour créer des règles dans les boites aux lettres, manipuler le MFA (enregistrement d'un nouveau numéro, par exemple) et effectuer de l'envoi d'e-mails malveillants en interne et en externe.

Enfin, le rapport de Proofpoint se termine par un ensemble de recommandations à destination des organisations afin de mieux protéger les environnements Azure et Microsoft 365 de ce type d'attaque. Par exemple, Proofpoint recommande d'obliger les utilisateurs compromis et ciblés à changer immédiatement leurs mots de passe dès qu'un événement suspect est détecté, et d'obliger tous les utilisateurs à changer périodiquement leur mot de passe.

Source

The post Une campagne de phishing cible les comptes Azure des cadres et des dirigeants d’entreprises first appeared on IT-Connect.

An example of using PowerShell to manage system and user-assigned managed identities in Azure

9 février 2024 à 15:19
Managed identities provide secure authentication for resources accessing other resources in Azure without requiring sensitive information such as secrets, credentials, and certificates to be handled. Microsoft Entra ID manages these identities, enabling applications to obtain tokens for authentication. In this post, I will provide an example that illustrates how to use system and user-assigned managed identities with PowerShell.

Azure REST API: Manage Azure resources with the PowerShell cmdlet Invoke-AzRestMethod

17 janvier 2024 à 11:56
Sometimes, managing certain Azure resources using PowerShell can be challenging due to the absence of specific cmdlets for those operations or services. This is where the Invoke-AzRestMethod cmdlet comes into play, which allows PowerShell scripts to communicate with Azure services by sending HTTP requests to Azure's REST API. It acts as a bridge between PowerShell and Azure services that still need to be integrated with cmdlets.

Comment inscrire des machines dans Microsoft Entra ID : Registered, Joined, Hybrid Joined ?

11 janvier 2024 à 17:35

I. Présentation

Dans ce tutoriel, nous allons évoquer les différentes manières d'inscrire des machines dans Microsoft Entra ID (ex-Azure Active Directory). Nous aborderons plusieurs notions telles que l'inscription des appareils, la jonction des appareils et la jonction des appareils hybrides puisqu'il s'agit de trois possibilités offertes par Microsoft pour qu'un appareil remonte dans Entra.

Pour rappel, Microsoft Entra ID est le service de gestion des identités de chez Microsoft. Il s'agit du nouveau nom d'Azure Active Directory (Azure AD).

II. Microsoft Entra Registered ou Azure AD Registered

A. L'inscription d'un appareil dans Entra ID

Lorsqu'un appareil est inscrit, enregistré, "registered" ou encore "Workplace joined" dans Microsoft Entra ID, ceci permet de répondre à un scénario spécifique : celui des appareils BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), c'est-à-dire les appareils personnels des collaborateurs (ordinateurs, smartphones).

Dans ce scénario, l'utilisateur pourra accéder aux ressources de l'entreprise à partir de son appareil personnel inscrit dans Microsoft Entra ID. L'accès aux ressources sera contrôlé à l'aide des permissions attribuées à l'utilisateur et des stratégies d'accès conditionnels. Par ailleurs, vous pouvez vérifier que l'appareil est bien en conformité vis-à-vis des stratégies de votre entreprise avant de lui permettre l'accès.

Appareils - Microsoft Entra ID Registered

Ce mode est pris en charge sur plusieurs systèmes d'exploitation : Windows 10, Windows 11, iOS, Android, macOS et Linux (via l'agent Intune).

B. Enregistrer un PC Windows 11 dans Entra ID

Nous allons voir comment enregistrer un appareil Windows 11 dans Microsoft Entra ID. La méthode est similaire sur Windows 10, sauf que les menus sont différents...

Connectez-vous à votre session. Il peut s'agir d'un compte local, rattaché ou non à un compte Microsoft personnel.

Ouvrez les "Paramètres" de Windows 11, cliquez sur "Comptes" (1) à gauche puis sur "Accès professionnel ou scolaire" au centre (2).

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Registered - Etape 1

Cliquez ensuite sur le bouton "Se connecter" comme sur l'image ci-dessous.

Vous serez invité à saisir votre adresse e-mail pour vous connecter. Ici, indiquez l'adresse e-mail de votre compte Microsoft 365. Il peut s'agir d'un compte professionnel ou lié à un établissement scolaire (pour les tenants Microsoft 365 avec des licences Education).

Quand c'est fait, cliquez sur "Suivant" et effectuez la connexion à votre compte.

Au final, vous arrivez sur une fenêtre avec le message "Vous voila prêt !". Cliquez sur "Terminé".

Le compte Microsoft est bien ajouté sur la machine Windows 11 appartenant à mon utilisateur. Autrement dit, il s'agit d'un ordinateur personnel.

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Registered - Etape 5

Du côté de Microsoft Entra ID, l'ordinateur "PC-GUYMAUVE" est bien visible dans la liste des appareils. Nous pouvons voir qu'il est intégré de la manière suivante : "Microsoft Entra Registered". Il est inscrit dans Entra ID et il pourra être géré avec Intune.

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Registered - Etape 6

Nous pouvons cliquer sur cet appareil afin d'obtenir des informations à son sujet. Nous avons un ID d'objet, le nom du système d'exploitation ainsi que la version, le nom du propriétaire, la solution MDM associée (GPM), la date et l'heure de l'enregistrement dans Entra ID, etc.

Microsoft Entra ID - PC Entra Registered - Propriétés

Pour en savoir plus sur les appareils "Microsoft Entra Registered", référez-vous à cette documentation :

III. Microsoft Entra Joined ou Azure AD Joined

A. La jonction d'un appareil dans Entra ID

Les appareils de l'entreprise, notamment les ordinateurs, peuvent être joints à Microsoft Entra ID, au même titre que les ordinateurs peuvent être intégrés à un domaine Active Directory. Ici, il s'agit d'un enrollment de l'appareil, c'est-à-dire une intégration complète : l'entreprise aura totalement le contrôle de la configuration de l'appareil (via Intune, par exemple).

Ce scénario s'applique aux entreprises avec une infrastructure full-Cloud (tout dans Microsoft 365 et Azure, par exemple) et il s'applique aux ordinateurs dont l'entreprise est propriétaire. En effet, nous n'utilisons aucun serveur en local.

Appareils - Microsoft Entra ID Joined

Ce mode est pris en charge sur Windows 10 et Windows 11, sauf pour l'édition "Famille" (Home) - Sans surprise. C'est également supporté sur Windows Server 2019 et plus récent pour les machines virtuelles Azure.

B. Joindre un PC Windows 11 à Microsoft Entra ID

Nous allons voir comment joindre un appareil Windows 11 dans Microsoft Entra ID. Ceci signifie que la machine va joindre le tenant Microsoft Entra ID, au même titre qu'une machine est intégrée à domaine Active Directory. La méthode est similaire sur Windows 10, sauf que les menus sont différents...

Pour information, il y a plusieurs manières de joindre une machine Windows à Entra ID, notamment :

  • Avec les paramètres de Windows, c'est ce que nous allons voir aujourd'hui
  • Lors de la mise en route de la machine (processus OOBE)
  • Avec Windows Autopilot
  • Avec de l'intégration en masse (notamment avec un système de jetons)

Dans cet exemple, nous pouvons imaginer qu'il s'agit d'une machine fraichement installée que nous allons intégrer au réseau de l'entreprise. Vous devez vous connecter à la machine avec un compte administrateur local afin de pouvoir effectuer la jonction avec Entra ID.

Ouvrez les "Paramètres" de Windows 11, cliquez sur "Comptes" à gauche puis sur "Accès professionnel ou scolaire" au centre. Ensuite, cliquez sur le bouton "Se connecter".

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 1

Ne saisissez pas votre adresse e-mail ici ! A la place, cliquez sur le lien "Joindre cet appareil à Microsoft Entra ID".

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 2

Indiquez votre compte Microsoft 365 afin de vous authentifier : il faut utiliser un compte qui a des droits suffisant pour intégrer des appareils. Par défaut, tous les comptes ont cette permission (comme dans l'Active Directory !).

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 3

Une fois l'authentification réussie, l'assistant vous demande de vérifier qu'il s'agisse bien de votre organisation. Cliquez sur "Joindre" pour valider.

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 4

Voilà, c'est fait ! Cliquez sur "Terminé".

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 5

Il n'est pas nécessaire de redémarrer la machine. Nous pouvons voir la précision suivante : "Connecté au domaine Azure AD de Lab IT-Connect". Nous savons également quel utilisateur a permis de joindre la machine à Entra ID.

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 6

D'ailleurs, du côté du centre d'administration Entra, la machine Windows 11 "PC-ITC-01" est bien visible. Contrairement à l'exemple précédent, ici la jonction est complète : "Microsoft Entra Joined". La machine peut être gérée avec Intune.

Windows 11 23H2 - Microsoft Entra Joined - Etape 7

Sur cette même machine, nous pouvons ouvrir une connexion de notre tenant Microsoft 365. Par exemple, la session de Guy Mauve à l'aide de son e-mail et son mot de passe. Grâce à l'intégration de sa machine dans Entra ID, il y a du SSO natif : si nous accédons au portail Microsoft Office, nous sommes directement authentifiés.

Microsoft Entra Joined - SSO

Pour en savoir plus sur les appareils "Microsoft Entra Joined", référez-vous à cette documentation :

IV. Microsoft Entra Hybrid Joined ou Azure AD Hybrid Joined

A. La jonction d'un appareil hybride

L'hybridation s'adresse aux entreprises avec une infrastructure en local qui souhaitent malgré tout bénéficier de certaines fonctionnalités offertes par les services Cloud, en l'occurrence ici Microsoft Entra ID. Autant vous dire que c'est un cas fréquent. Ce scénario permet l'accès aux ressources Cloud et aux ressources locales de l'entreprise.

Dans ce cas précis, nous parlons d'un appareil hybride, car il y a une jonction avec le domaine Active Directory de l'entreprise et l'appareil est ensuite inscrit dans Microsoft Entra ID. Autrement dit, l'appareil est enregistré dans Entra ID et Active Directory. Ceci implique que l'environnement Entra ID puisse communiquer régulièrement avec vos contrôleurs de domaine Active Directory, et inversement.

Plusieurs solutions sont envisageables pour que les ordinateurs de l'Active Directory soient enregistrés dans Entra ID. Par exemple, nous pouvons utiliser Microsoft Entra Connect (Azure AD Connect) ou Microsoft Entra Cloud Sync.

Appareils - Microsoft Entra ID Hybrid Joined

B. Jonction hybride d'un appareil Windows 11 dans Entra ID

Ce scénario implique une configuration plus complète, notamment parce qu'il y a un Active Directory et une infrastructure existante à prendre en considération. Ceci implique la mise en place d'un outil de synchronisation pour que les objets de l'Active Directory soit inscrit dans Entra ID.

Ce scénario sera détaillé au travers d'autres tutoriels. Dans tous les cas, le point de départ sera le suivant : l'ordinateur est intégré au domaine Active Directory.

Dans Entra ID, l'appareil sera visible avec un statut spécifique qui indique clairement qu'il s'agit d'un appareil hybride.

Lorsqu'une machine est enregistrée dans Entra ID en tant qu'appareil hybride, elle peut être gérée à l'aide des stratégies de groupe (GPO), d'Intune mais également de Configuration Manager (ex-SCCM) avec ou sans co-gestion (mode également hybride impliquant Intune et Configuration Manager).

Pour en savoir plus sur les appareils "Microsoft Entra Hybrid Joined", référez-vous à cette documentation :

V. Conclusion

Suite à la lecture de cet article, vous connaissez les différents modes d'inscriptions des appareils dans Microsoft Entra ID ! Maintenant, nous allons pouvoir aborder d'autres notions !

The post Comment inscrire des machines dans Microsoft Entra ID : Registered, Joined, Hybrid Joined ? first appeared on IT-Connect.

How to Install Proxmox on your Asustor NAS

Par : Rob Andrews
8 janvier 2024 à 18:00

How to Install Proxmox on an Asustor NAS Drive – Step By Step Guide

There is no denying that when it comes to ‘turn-key’ NAS solutions, that Asustor NAS are still easily the best bang for buck out there! Arriving with a hardware price point that is often 20% or more lower than comparable solutions from Synology or QNAP, they allow users who don’t want to build or don’t know/want to build their own server to have a ready-built solution that also includes the ADM NAS software platform. However, when it comes to virtualization and VM tools, they do not supply their own premium software (but do support others from within ADM) and for those looking to run a handful of VMs or Containers in their homelab setup, that can be a little bit of a barrier. If you have been looking into server-based virtualization or high-efficiency container deployment, then there is every chance that you are well aware of Promox, the open-source alternative to enterprise/premium VM platforms such as VMware, Citrix or Redhat hypervisors. A hypervisor is a layer of software that lives on top of bare metal server hardware and/or lives as an executional package from within an operating system. Although Asustor NAS systems already arrive with a very good virtual machine hypervisor, VirtualBox, many users would still like the option to run a VM Hypervisor software directly from the bare metal (eg, remove a multipurpose OS and have the system immediately boot into the Hypervisor software). VirtualBox has a huge range of software options (including downloading ready-made VM images from marketplaces, huge customization supported, integration with the backup/sync services in QuTS/ADM and in a new update High-Availability support). Still, some users might have an Asustor NAS that is outside of hardware warranty or is relatively modest that will possibly run VMs better without the host OS in place, hence why some users think about installing Proxmox in its place on their Asustor NAS. Proxmox provides pretty much all the abilities and services of those bigger premium VM hypervisors, however in those premium platforms (VMware, Citrix, HyperV, etc) there are additional charges and tiers to their use – whereas Proxmox includes them all in a free, open-source package. So, there are plenty of reasons why you might want to repurpose your old NAS with this bare metal hypervisor software, and today I want to guide you through the process of installing Proxmox on your Asustor NAS.

IMPORTANT – It’s important to note that Proxmox is NOWHERE NEAR as user-friendly as Asustor ADM with VirtualBox and before making any switch to a new NAS OS, it is important that you understand the process, risks and differences in the platforms. This guide is designed to help you use your Asustor NAS to run Proxmox as it’s primary OS. If you go ahead with this and use the same HDD/SSDs in the system that you are currently using in the Asustor ADM Setup, it will likely format them, so IF you want to reverse your Asustor NAS back to its ADM set up with all your data/drives the same, you will need to remove them before using the Proxmox setup, put them to one side safely and use new HDD/SSDs for your Proxmox installation. Lastly, although this whole process is reversible, you are technically using the Asustor in a means that the brand does not state as ‘intended use’ and this MIGHT lead to support/warranty problems down the line if a fault appears in the Asustor or the software installation that was the result of the Proxmox installation (the bios records everything!). This is HIGHLY UNLIKELY but not impossible that you could make the system inoperable (e.g. you work a Proxmox server so hard and/or push the CPU to breaking point running particularly aggressive Proxmox VMs/Containers and/or amend the BIOS to a state where you cannot access it) – this would not be covered by your Asustor NAS support, as they did not certify that the system can handle this or be used in this way under the warranty.

Proxmox Software on Asustor NAS Hardware – What You Need?

It is worth highlighting that having just an Asustor NAS is not quite enough and in order to get Proxmox up and running on an Asustor NAS requires a few extra checks and use of a few items you might have already in the home/office, or a quick $10-20 shop online at most. In order to upgrade your system to Proxmox, you will need to consider/have the following:

  • an Asustor NAS Drive with (minimum) an Intel 64bit x86 CPU and a minimum 4GB of Memory (recommended 8GB+)
  • Download the latest stable release of Proxmox here as a system image (you will be converting this to USB later on) – DOWNLOAD
  • Any Data that is currently on the Asustor NAS RAID that is mission critical to be backed up or moved (as it will be completely formatted)
  • A USB drive to use as the Proxmox installation drive ( I recommend THIS ONE here from Sandisk, as it is low price and incredibly small, even at 32GB)

 

  • I recommend not using a USB larger than 32GB, due to the constraints of 1st party software to format larger than this in FAT32 (though you can use the Rufus software to format larger than 32GB drives to FAT32). Don’t be tempted to spend like $2 more for a 64GB, as the Proxmox installation will occupy the full USB space (as you will create a system-image-USB) and space is utterly irrelevant when the Proxmox installation is so small
  • A Disk Image to USB conversion too. I recommend ‘Rufus’, currently in ver 3.19 and can be run in a portable .exe form that doesn’t require installation – DOWNLOAD
  • A basic USB Keyboard (example HERE but really, any will do) and an HDMI Monitor (or simply any device that has an HDMI input – NOT output) such as a TV or Capture card
  • Hard Drive and/or SSD media (you should already have these, but just in case) for your storage Pool / RAID

  • Optional M.2 NVMe SSD of at least 120GB, but highly recommended – Installing Proxmox is not unlike installing a Windows OS on a new PC, as you are connecting a USB to run the installer, but you need to target a drive in the Asustor NAS to install Proxmox onto. Whichever drive you use, it will make that drive largely inaccessible for anything but the Proxmox operating system. Therefore IF you are running an Asustor NAS that has internal m.2 NVMe SSD bays OR one with dedicated 2.5″ SSD bays, I highly recommend getting a low-capacity drive of between 60-120GB (these will be very cheap compared with larger HDDs that start in the Terabyte scales) and then use this for the Proxmox software. This means that ALL of the main SATA storage bays of the Asustor are then used for your storage pool(s) (aka the RAID). Do NOT install Proxmox on another USB drive during installation, as this is less stable.
  • OptionalDownload Advanced IP Scanner HERE, as it is a really useful tool for analyzing your network and finding your new Proxmox NAS for remote access

That is about it. Most of these are devices are that you will almost certainly already have to hand.

Can I Reverse the Proxmox Installation and go back to Asustor ADM?

Almost certainly YES! I say ‘almost certainly’, as there is one small caveat. When you make the change from Asustor ADM to Proxmox on the NAS hardware, the drives (HDD and/or SSD) inside used in Proxmox pools used in the new system software architecture. This works both ways if you want to revert back to ADM on the NAS too. You CANNOT use the Storage Pool, Volume structure, Folders etc of drives from an Asustor NAS in a Proxmox setup (you will need to format these in Proxmox). So, although the act of reinitializing the NAS to its original software is very easy (you just need to go into the BIOS of the Asustor using the same method in the guide below, then change the boot drive order BACK to the Asustor OS internal SSD), it will mean that any data that resides on the disks inside will be formatted. So, if you are choosing to make a change from one NAS OS to another, make sure you have your data appropriately backed up elsewhere OR move the drives that were in your Asustor (with their ADM Storage structure) to one side safely and install new 3.5″ storage media for the Proxmox pools etc. So, let’s begin the installation of Proxmox on the Asustor NAS.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 1, Download Proxmox

Head to the Proxmox website HERE and download the latest stable release of the software to your local PC, Linux or Mac system. Make sure to remember where you downloaded it to.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 2, Download Rufus USB Image Tool

Head to the Rufus website and download the latest version of that tool – I recommend downloading the standalone executable file here, as then it will immediately run when you double-click the file, without installation etc. It may redirect you to Github, but it will be the same executable file. Once again, remember where you downloaded it.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 3, Preparing the USB

Connect the small form factor USB Drive to your system (again, this is the one I used from Sandisk) and after a few seconds, it should appear as an available USB Drive. The drive MAY need formatting (you will be prompted to do so), if that is the case, then you can format it via the system prompts and by default, it will format it to FAT32 (as long as your USB is less than 32GB). If you are not presented with a system prompt to format your USB, then you can head into My PC, or My Computer via a windows computer and right-click the drive, select ‘format’ and format it that way.

If you have used the USB for other things previously, there is a chance that the drive has existing partitions in place. For that, the quickest way to completely remove any partitions is to open up the bottom-left windows system menu as normal, and then just type diskpart and open the command-line GUI tool. From there, use the command list disk to show the available drives that are connected, you will see your USB (normally disk 1 or 2, but can differ depending on your system layout and can be spotted by the storage amount). From there, type select disk # (where # is the drive number that your USB is shown as) and then type clean, which will then remove any index structure for the drive (i.e the partitions and existing format) and then you can go back to the My Computer/My PC page and format the drive to FAT 32 as normal.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 4, Creating a USB Installer Image of Proxmox

Open the Rufus application and from there you will see the USB Drive (listed as NO NAME, or ‘UNTITLED’, ETC) at the top. From there, look to the select image/find image option (depending on the ver. of Rufus or your USB Image Creator tool of choice) and find the Proxmox disk image you downloaded earlier). If the drive is not listed, it may have downloaded as a compressed/archive file. If that is the case, head to the location of where you downloaded Proxmox (in your file explorer, not in Rufus) and right-click the file you downloaded. If the option to ‘extract‘ is visible, then you can extract it (i.e unpack it to the original form) in that same download directory. From there, head back into RUFUS and then the Proxmox system image should be visible. Select it, then run the Rufus System image creator tool and create your USB bootable Proxmox disk image.

REMEMBER! This will completely format your USB drive and any files that are on that USB will be destroyed. The system image creator tool will turn the USB into a pure boot image tool – the USB will not be usable for traditional storage again unless you completely format it again.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 5, REMOVE THE USB FROM YOUR PC!!!!!!!!!

Really, really important and sometimes overlooked. Once the USB creation is completed, you need to remove the USB (using the eject hardware safely option at the bottom right of your windows machine taskbar as normal). DO NOT accidentally leave the USB in your USB Ports for any longer than necessary. If you leave it in and your system reboots at any point (eg in a normal ‘end of day shut down, go home, reboot tomorrow’ scenario), then the system might boot directly into the Proxmox installation and although it is easy to exit from, it can change your system default boot preferences, maybe even remove your primary boot drive as the OS drive – requiring a little messing with a windows installation disk to change it back. The odds of this are very small, but not zero, so make sure to safely remove your USB drive when the Proxmox system image creator tool is completed.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 6, (OPTIONAL) – Install an NVMe SSD

This is an optional step, but one I would certainly recommend for newer-generation Asustor NAS devices. Proxmox is a lot like a traditional computer operating system (eg Windows or macOS) in it’s architecture and will run at its best when the necessary boot files are located on a seperate, smaller and faster area of SSD/flash storage away from the general bulk storage. So, if possible/available in your Asustor NAS, I would recommend installing a smaller m.2 NVMe SSD drive and then using that as the target/location for your Proxmox installation. This is not compulsory and you can also use a single HDD or SSD in one of the main storage bays of your Asustor, however, it means that this drive will unusable for general storage (i.e in any RAID configuration or storage pool). This CAN be negated with some creative partiton creation, but I wouldn’t recommend it. Additionally, do NOT try to install Proxmox on another USB drive that is connected to the system – this isn’t particularly stable and tends to result in a poorer Proxmox experience. M.2 NVMe bays and their location in the Asustor NAS changes depending on the system. Some allow you to access these bays via the main HDD 3.5″ bays, whilst others (the majority) require you to remove the external chassis casing to access these bays (eg the TS-453E, TVS-872X, TS-873A, etc).

Reminder – Proxmox is NOT a big program and you can use an SSD as small as 32GB and still have a tonne of provision for future storage space. However, M.2 NVMe SSDs are not available in smaller sizes than 120GB. Lower size than this and you will generally only find 2240 SSDs and/or SATA M.2 SSDs. These are still perfectly fine to use, but the performance difference between SATA and NVMe (PCIe) is HUGE! You can find many SSD options here on amazon for as little as $30  – Find Low Capacitiy and Low Price M.2 NVMe SSDs HERE on Amazon (already filtered the results)

NOTE – If you plan on upgrading the memory of your NAS to 4GB-8GB-16GB or higher (in order to use ALL of the features of Proxmox to their fullest extent), I would recommend doing so at this point before rebuilding the physical chassis again, as many Asustor NAS have the 2nd SODIMM memory slot in really tight locations.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 7, Connecting the USB, Keyboard and HDMI Monitor

Next, we need to connect the external means to install Proxmox on the Asustor NAS. Unlike when you set up your Asustor NAS for the first time, Proxmox cannot typically be installed via the network like ADM. Proxmox requires you to use a KVM (keyboard, Video Mouse – though you won’t need a mouse!) and go through the installation using a low-res graphical user interface. Now you will ONLY need this setup/items for the installation and initialization of your Proxmox server and after that, you will be able to use the server over the network/internet as normal. You are going to need a basic USB Keyboard (not a Bluetooth or wireless one, as these may need drivers to run and you cannot install drivers at this point) and an HDMI Monitor/TV. You CAN use a mouse, but it is not hugely necessary and 99% of the choices in the setup of Proxmox can/will be via keyboard input. Also, I would also recommend connecting the NAS to the network during setup as this will allow the system to assume certain network values during setup that will save a tonne of time later. Once that is all connected, do NOT turn the NAS on yet – there is one small and slightly time-sensitive thing to do.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 8, Accessing the BIOS Menu of your Asustor NAS

Now that your Asustor NAS is all connected and you are ready at your keyboard/Monitor, turn the NAS on and wait till you hear a beep (should take between 5-15secs depending on the Asustor NAS). As soon as your hear that noise (and likely see a flashing character or underscore on the monitor screen), you need to continuously hit the ESC / F12 / F2 and/or DEL keys (not at the same time, just back and forth). One of these will result in the system displaying the blue BIOS menu (it changes between motherboards and Asustor uses a mixture of mobos in their Intel and AMD-powered systems). You need to be quick, as you only have about 3 seconds to do this before the Asustor will automatically boot from the small internal 4GB/5GB flash OS module that boots into Asustor.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 9, Booting from the New Proxmox Installer USB

Next, you need to tap ‘RIGHT‘ on the keyboard and head to the ‘Save & Exit’ option. At the bottom, you should see, under the ‘boot override‘ option, your USB Drive. Tap ‘DOWN‘ until you are highlighting the USB and then tap ‘Enter‘ or ‘Return‘ on your keyboard, as this will push the Asustor to boot from that USB and begin the Proxmox installation. For now, we just need it to read from this USB this one time. If you already know the internal drive you plan on installing Proxmox onto (eg an M.2 NVMe SSD or a SATA SSD) that is already inside the system, make sure to change the boot priority of option #2 to THAT drive. As then, later on after the USB is removed, the system will automatically switch to the proxmox installed drive for the future.

Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 10, Rebooting and Starting the Proxmox Installer

This next step is a bit of a quick one. Around 5-15 seconds after you selected the USB Drive in BIOS, the screen will display the Proxmox Installer option page and all you need to do is navigate the config choices to set up your Proxmox NAS the first time. Select ‘Install Proxmox VE‘.

Next, the Terms and Conditions will be displayed. Scroll through as appropriate, and either use the mouse or ‘tab’ key to make your way to ‘Agree’ and click enter.

Next enter your location, timezone and keyboard layout, then click ‘Next’.

Enter the password you wish to use for the ‘root’ account. This is the super-user (i.e All Access admin), which you can amend later on if you choose to. Additionally, add your email address for use in notifications, system alerts and abnormal behaviour reports. Then click ‘Next’.

Next, you need to configure your network connectivity. If your Asustor NAS has multiple ethernet ports, select which one you want to use as the Management Interface, for system software access. In the Hostname area, if you plan on only using this system on the local area network (you can change this later), just put ‘pve.lan’. The system will preselect an IP dynamically and arrange the DNS/Gateway, but again you can change all this later. You should DEFINITELY amend this si you are going to start giving Proxmox/VMs external access points. When you are satisfied with your setup, click next.

The system setuP will display a summary of the choices and configs you hav made and invite you to confirm and install the Proxmox software. Make sure to uncheck the box that suggests a reboot after the installation is complete. This is optional step and I only suggest it because it will allow you to remove the USB between the installation and first-time boot, ensuring the system doesn’t boot back into the USB installer afterwards, but recent versions of Proxmox actually take this into account and will go straight into the Proxmox boot disk – still, I would nevertheless factor in chance to remove the USB in the middle nonetheless. When you are ready, click ‘Install’ on the bottom right.

Installation of Proxmox will be quite quick, around 3-5 minutes. The system will let you know when the installation is done and, if you unchecked the box for auto reboot, you will be presented with your system’s local IP and port config.

You can now power down / reboot the system. Be sure to make a note of that IP that IP and Port number for when you want to access the Proxmox Asustor NAS server after it reboots – there is a small % chance that the IP might have dynamically changed (based your own network architecture), but there is another way to find the device on your network. Select Shutdown or Reboot as appropriate.

The system (via the HDMI interface) during the reboot cycle will give you a heads up when to remove the USB drive. Next time the system boots up, it should access the newly created Proxmox boot drive.

If the Promox boot drive boots fine, skip ahead to step 9. Otherwise, read below how to chance the boot drive arrangement again.


Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 8, Remove the Boot USB Drive AND CHANGE BIOS!!!

Once your Asustor NAS has fully powered down, you need to disconnect the USB drive you installed earlier with Proxmox boot loader on it. You need to do this otherwise, when you reboot the Asustor NAS, it can potentially reboot into the bootloader again. You can skip past this and/or it will not action a reinitialization without your input, but better to remove the USB and therefore allow the system to always immediately boot into the Proxmox system you just created. Next, you need to head back into the BIOS from earlier. Keep the Keyboard and HDMI Monitor connected and use the same method you used earlier during the initial boot of the Asustor (pressing F12 /F2/ESC/Delete repeatedly when you hear the first Asustor beep after about 10-15 secs) and as soon as you are greeted with the familiar blue BIOS screen. From here, tap right a few times to highlight the ‘Boot’ option and change the option for Boot Priority #1. The default is Asustor OS, you need to change it to the drive you installed Proxmox on (whether that is a SATA/NVMe SSD or one of the main storage bays).

This will change the boot order to allow the system when it is first powered on to always boot into Proxmox. After this, you can click right again in the BIOS menu to select the option to Save and restart. The system will then boot into the Proxmox initialization (first-time setup).


Proxmox on an Asustor NAS – Step 9, Reboot the NAS

Upon rebooting the Asustor into Proxmox (can take up to 5 mins, but usually much quicker). You have two options with how to access the configuration and controls. You can use the HDMI+Keyboard if you choose for console/command level access.

Alternatively (much more recommended), use a program such as Advanced IP Scanner, which is free and VERY useful anyway, or even network command prompt) to scan your local area network and find where the Asustor with Proxmox is located (i.e it’s IP). This IP (eg 192.168.100.2) is what you put into the URL bar ofay web browser and it will load into the login GUI for Proxmox. From here you will need to use the username ‘root’ in combination with the password that you created during initialization.

And that is about it. You now have Proxmox installed as the default OS of your Asustor NAS. From here you can do anything and everything that his highly regarded virtualization server software offers.


EXTRA – How to Reverse Your Asustor NAS from Proxmox to Asustor ADM / ADM Software Again

Now, it is worth remembering that switching your Asustor NAS to run Proxmox instead of ADM is not a one-way street and you can reverse this relatively easily. Do remember first though that:

  • Any data on the HDD/SSDs inside the Asustor that were used in Proxmox server setup will not be accessible/usable with the Asustor NAS system and will likely be flashed/formatted during the Asustor ADM reinitialization
  • You will need your Keyboard and HDMI Monitor again in order to get back into BIOS
  • If you kept your original Asustor RAID Pool on HDDs etc to one side (i.e you removed the already configured storage media in their RAID from the Asustor when you changed to Proxmox and put these drives safely to one side), you should be able to migrate this data back into the Asustor NAS during re-initialization with ease. That said, YOU SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE A BACKUP FOR THIS DATA REGARDLESS

In order to reverse the Asustor NAS from Proxmox back to Asustor ADM Software, you need to (from a cold boot) access the BIOS menu again (so, at boot, with your Keyboard and monitor connected, press the DEL and/or F12 key over and over when the Asustor beeps, like before) and when you reach the BIOS menu, tap RIGHT until you reach the ‘Boot page. Then change the ‘Boot Option #1’ option from the Proxmox installation drive back to the Asustor OS (internal flash 5GB module). Once that is done, head into the ‘Save & Exit‘ and then select ‘Save Changes and Restart‘. Doing this will restart the Asustor NAS and it will automatically boot into the Asustor ADM boot sequence. From here your NAS will either automatically boot into the Asustor Setup page OR (if you have your original Asustor NAS RAID drives, with their Pools, Volumes, etc) it will just boot into the Asustor NAS software as normal.

Thanks for reading! I hope you found this helpful and that it really helped you to make the most of your storage. Want to help me continue to make more guides, reviews and tutorials on the subject of NAS? Then you can do so in a few different ways (any of which I will be eternally grateful for if you choose to!). You can visit the ‘Support NAS Passion’ page HERE and see a few different ways that you can help us keep the lights on. Alternatively, you can use one of the links below to shop for your hardware today or in future (visiting those sites via the link below ensures that we get a mall commission on absolutely anything you purchase – and doesn’t cost you anything extra). Finally, if you want to support us in spirit rather than financially, recommend our blog to a friend or professional colleague or share a link on your social media site of choice. Thank you for reading and have a fantastic week!


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Azure Cost CLI – Pour suivre les coûts liés à Microsoft Azure

Par : Korben
18 décembre 2023 à 09:00

Aujourd’hui les amis, j’aimerais vous faire découvrir un outil en ligne de commande qui va bien vous aider si vous évoluez dans l’écosystème de Microsoft Azure.

En effet, en fonction de ce que vous faites avec vos instances et vos services Azure, le coût n’est pas forcément le même, et ce n’est pas super pratique de suivre tout ça uniquement via le site web. Heureusement avec l’outil Azure Cost Cli, vous allez pouvoir garder un œil sur les dépenses liées à votre utilisation des ressources, directement depuis votre terminal.

Ce logiciel utilise l’API Azure Cost Management pour récupérer les coûts et présente les résultats directement dans la console ou sous format JSON. JSON que vous pouvez ensuite exploiter dans vos outils ou scripts.

Hormis l’affichage des coûts cumulés comme vous pouvez le voir ci-dessus, il peut également afficher les coûts journaliers, extraire les ressources par coûts et répertorier les budgets.

Et il peut même détecter les anomalies éventuelles et les tendances d’évolution dans les coûts, ce qui permet d’automatiser encore plus les rapports générés.

Pour l’installer, c’est simple, ouvrez un terminal et utilisez la commande suivante (il vous faudra dotnet) :

dotnet tool install --global azure-cost-cli 

Ensuite, vous pouvez commencer à afficher les couts cumulés associés à un abonnement Azure spécifique en lui passant votre ID :

azure-cost accumulatedCost -s 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012

Pour générer un rapport CSV des coûts par ressource, rien de plus simple :

azure-cost costByResource -s 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012 -o csv

Imaginons maintenant que vous souhaitiez afficher les coûts quotidiens pour le mois de janvier 2023, regroupés par nom de service (ServiceName) :

azure-cost dailyCosts --dimension ServiceName --from 2023-01-01 --to 2023-01-31

Pratique non ? Et si vous souhaitez faire de la détection d’anomalie au niveau des coûts générés durant une certaine période :

azure-cost detectAnomalies -g myResourceGroup --timeframe Custom --from 2023-01-01 --to 2023-01-31

J’ai également découvert que cet outil pouvait être utilisé dans un GitHub Workflow pour obtenir le coût de notre abonnement et stocker les résultats en markdown. C’est vraiment génial pour avoir un aperçu rapide des frais liés à notre abonnement.

Voilà, si ça vous intéresse pour suivre vos coûts sur Azure, le projet Azure Cost Cli est disponible ici sur Github.

Migrate Microsoft Entra Connect (Azure AD Connect) to a new server

Par : Leos Marek
7 décembre 2023 à 09:16

Microsoft Entra Connect, formerly named Azure AD Connect, is an on-premises application used to synchronize your local Active Directory objects to Microsoft Entra ID, also known as Azure AD. This post will guide you through the process of migrating Microsoft Entra Connect to a new server.

The post Migrate Microsoft Entra Connect (Azure AD Connect) to a new server first appeared on 4sysops.
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